Readings

II. Working men and women in historical and international context and the economics of home production

Mammen, Kristin and Christina Paxson. 2000. “Women's Work and Economic Development.”Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (Fall): 141-164.

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. 1976. “The "Industrial Revolution" in the Home: Household Technology and Social Change in the 20th Century.” Technology and Culture 17 (January): 1-23.

Costa, Dora L. 2000. “From Mill Town to Board Room: The Rise of Women's Paid Labor.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (Fall): 101-122.

III. Theory and evidence of marriage and family formation

Dora Costa, “Power Couples: Changes in the Locational Choice of the College Educated, 1940-1990”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000, 115:1287-1315

Stevenson, Betsey and Justin Wolfers. 2007. “Marriage and Divorce: Changes and their Driving Forces.”  The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 27-52.

Fryer, Roland G. Jr.  2007. “Guess Who’s Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 71-90.

Black, Dan A., Seth G. Sanders and Lowell J. Taylor.  2007. “The Economics of Lesbian and Gay Families.”  The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 53-70.

Mechoulan, Stèphane. 2011. “The External Effects of Black Male Incarceration on Black Females.” Journal of Labor Economics 29(1):1-36.

Wei, Shang-Jin and Xiabo Zhang. 2011. “The Competitive Saving Motive: Evidence from Rising Sex Ratios and Savings Rates in China.” Journal of Political Economy 119(3): 511-564.

Watson, Tara, and Sara McLanahan. 2011. “Marriage Meets the Joneses: Relative Income, Identity, and Marital Status.”  Journal of Human Resources 46(3): 482-517.

Buckles, Kasey, Melanie Guldi, and Joseph Price. 2011. “Changing the Price of Marriage: Evidence from Blood Test Requirements.”  Journal of Human Resources 46(3): 539-567.

IV. Intergenerational transmission of wealth and poverty

Fryer, Roland G. Jr. and Steven D. Levitt.  2004. “The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names.”  Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (3): 767-805.

Cunha, Flavio,  James J. Heckman, Lance Lochner and Dimitriy V. Masterov. 2006. “Interpreting the evidence on life cycle skill formation.” In E. A. Hanushek and F. Welch, eds. Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol 1.  Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.

V. Female labor supply at home and abroad

Martha Bailey, “More Power to the Pill: The Impact of Contraceptive Freedom on Women’s Life Cycle Labor Supply,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Feb. 2006, 121:289-320

Mark Aguiar and Erik Hurst, “Measuring Trends in Leisure: The Allocation of Time over Five Decades,” Quarterly Journal of Economic, Aug 2007, 122:969-1006

Anderson, Deborah J., Melissa Binder and Kate Krause. 2003. “The Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work Schedule Flexibility.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56(January): 273-294.

Folbre, Nancy and Julie A. Nelson . 2000. “For Love or Money -- Or Both?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (Fall): 123-140.

Labor supply data

Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Variations in Time Use at Stages of the Life Cycle.” Monthly Labor Review 128 (September 2005): 38-45.

Cromartie, Stella “Labor force status of families: a visual essay” Monthly Labor Review 130 (July-August, 2007): 35-41.

Cohany, Sharon and Emy Sok, “Trends in labor force participation of mothers with children and infants” Monthly Labor Review 130 (February 2007):9-16

Allard, Mary Dorinda and Marianne Janes.  2008. “Time Use of Working Parents: A Visual Essay.” Monthly Labor Review 131 (June): 3-14.

VI. Models of Discrimination

Taste discrimination

Arrow, Kenneth. 1974. The Theory of Discrimination in 0. Ashenfelter and A. Rees, eds., Discrimination in Labor Markets  Princeton University Press.

Becker, Gary S., The Economics of Discrimination, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971).

Charles, Kerwin Kofi and Jonathan Guryan. 2008. “Prejudice aqnd Wages: An Empirical Assessment of Becker’s The Economics of Discrimination.”  Journal of Political Economy  116(5):773-809.

Employer

Black, Sandra E. and Elizabeth Brainerd. 2004. “Importing Equality? Thje Impact of Globalization on Gender Discrimination.” Industrial & Labor Relations Review: 57 (July): 540-559.

Price, Joseph and Justin Wolfers. 2010. “Racial Discrimination by NBA Referees.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 125(4): 1859-1887.

Employee

Levitt, Steven D. 2004. “Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from Weakest Link.” The Journal of Law and Economics, 47 (October): 431-452.

Plug, Erik, Dinand Webbink, and Nick Martin. 2011. “Sexual Orientation, Prejudice and Segregation.” IZA Discussion Paper #5772

Customer

Nardinelli, Clark and Curtis Simon. 1990. “Customer Racial Discrimination in the Market for Memorabilia: The Case of Baseball.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 105 (August):575-595.

Holzer, Harry and Keith R. Ihlanfeldt. 1998. “Customer Discrimination and Employment Outcomes for Minority Workers.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 113 (August):835-867.

Borjas, George J. and Stephen G. Bronars. 1989. “Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment.” Journal of Political Economy  97 (June): 581-605.

Audit studies debate

Yinger, John. 2000. “Evidence on Discrimination in Consumer Markets.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (Spring): 23-40.

Ladd, Helen F. 1998. “Evidence on Discrimination in Mortgage Lending.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (Spring): 41-62.

Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan, “Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination,” American Economic Review, Sept 2004, 94:991- 1013

Darity, William A. Darity Jr. and Patrick L. Mason. 1998. “Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender.”  The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (Spring): 63-90.

James J. Heckman. 1998. “ Detecting Discrimination.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (Spring): 101-116.

Statistical discrimination

E. S. Phelps, “The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism,” American Economic Review, 1972, 62:659-661

Aigner and Cain, “Statistics Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1977, 30:175-187

Pinkston, Joshua C. 2006. “A Test of Screening Discrimination with Employer Learning.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 59(January): 267-284.

Crowding

Schelling, Thomas.  1978 Micromotives and Macrobehavior Chpt. 4

Internal labor markets

Stoll, Michael A., Steven Raphael, and Harry J. Holzer.  2004. “Black Job Applicants and the Hiring Officer’s Race.  Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57 (January): 267-287.

Pekkarinen, Tuomas and Juhana Vartiainen. 2006. “Gender Differences in Promotion on a Job Ladder: Evidence from Finnish Metalworkers. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 59(January): 285-301.

Arthur, Michelle M. and Alison Cook. 2004. “Taking Stock of Work-Family Initiatives: How Announcements of ‘Family-Friendly’ Human Resource Decisions Affect Shareholder Value.” Industrial & Labor Relations Review: 57 (July): 599-613.

VII. Empirical Evidence

a. Differences in Occupations, Education and Earnings

Claudia Goldin, Lawrence Katz, and Ilyana Kuziemko, “Homecoming of American

Women”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2006, 20:133-156.

Collins, Susan M. 2000. “Minority Groups in the Economics Profession.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(Winter):133-148.

b. The Human Capital Model

c. Earnings Functions and Measuring Discrimination

VIII. Cases Evidence on discrimination

a.  Women

Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2000. “Gender Differences in Pay.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (Fall): 75-99.

Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2006. “The U.S. Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence. ” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 60(October): 45-66.

b.  Blacks

Couch, K and MC Daly. 2002. “Black-White Wage Inequality in the 1990s: a Decade of Progress.” Economic Inquiry 40 (January):31-41

Heckman, James J., Thomas M. Lyons, and Petra E Todd. 2000. “Understanding Black-White Wage Differentials, 1960-1990.” American Economic Review 90 (May): 344-349.

Donohue, John J. and James Heckman. 1991. “Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks.” Journal of Economic Literature 29 (December): 1603-1643

c. Immigrants

Lubotsky, Darren. 2007 “Chutes or Ladders? A Longitudinal Analysis of Immigrant Earnings.” Journal of Political Economy. 115 (October): 820-867.

d. Hispanics

Fry, Richard and B. Lindsay Lowell. 2006. “The Wage Structure of Latino-Origin Groups across Generations.”  Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 45(April):147-168

Mora, Marie M. and Alberto Davilla. 2006. “A Note on the Changes in the Relative Wages of LEP Hispanic Men between 1980 and 2000” .”  Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 45(April):169-172.

e.  Homosexuality

Antecol, Heather, Anneke Jong and Michael Steinberger. 2008. The Sexual Orientation Wage Gap: The Role Of Occupational Sorting and Human Capital.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 61(July):518-543.

Black, Dan A., Hoda R, Makar, Seth G. Sanders, and Lowell J. Taylor. 2003. "The Earnings Effects of Sexual Orientation." Industrial & Labor Relations Review: 56 (April):449-469.

f.  Premarket Differences

Willingness to compete

Niederle, Muriel and Lise Vesterlund. 2007 “Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 122 (August): 1067-1102.

Price, Joseph. 2008. “Gender Differences in the Response to Competition.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 61(April): 320-333.

Personality

Mueller, Gerrit and Erik Plug. 2006. “Estimating the Effect of Personality on Male and Female Earnings.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 60(October): 3-22.

Height

Persico, Nicola, Andrew Postlewaite and Dan Silverman. 2004. "The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes: The Case of Height" Journal of Political Economy. 112 (October): 1019-1053.

g.  Looks

Daniel Hamermesh and Jeff Biddle, “Beauty and the Labor Market,” American Economic Review, Dec. 1994, 84:1174-1194

IX.  Government Antidiscrimination Policy:  Aims and Impacts

Antecol, Heather, and Deborah Cobb-Clark.  2004. “The Changing Nature of Employment-Related Sexual Harassment: Evidence from the U.S. Federal Government, 1978-1994.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57(April):  443-461.

Collins, William J. 2003. “The Labor Market Impact of State-Level Anti-Discrimination Laws, 1940-1960.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56(January): 244-272.

Neumark, David and Wendy A. Stock. 2006. “The Labor Market Effects of Sex and Race Discrimination Laws.” Economic Inquiry 44(July):385-419